Restoration needs and ecosystem functions

Wetlands mangroves, salt marshes and shellfish reefs are productive ecosystems that can provide invaluable ecological services. However, al these ecosystems are threatened ecosystems suffering from anthropogenic activities. Damaged ecosystems often lack the following:

1. 3D structures for attachment
2. Reduction of local currents and waves
3. Shelter and protection from predators
4. Stability 

BESE-Elements® can serve as a foundation for nature restoration.

BESE-elements® present a starting point: a temporary structure and protection for organisms, facilitating their establishment. After establishment, the ecosystem provides a structure on its own and during the process the BESE-elements® break down.The potential uses for this starch-based three-dimensional structure are almost endless. We are just starting to uncover the possibilities of the diverse range of applications, which include:

1. Ecosystem restoration (e.g. shellfish reefs, mangrove, sea grass, reefs, wetlands)
2. Coastal and bank-side protection
3. Water purification, sewage treatment
4. Habitat creation (i.e. fish, shellfish habitat)
5. Aquaculture